Introduction to DBMS, RDBMS, and SQL.

Overview of SQL commands: DDL, DML, DQL, DCL, TCL.

DDL commands: Create, Alter, Drop, and Truncate.

DML commands: Insert, Update, Delete, and DQL: Select with WHERE clause.

Built-in data types in SQL and using the WHERE clause.

IS NULL, IS NOT NULL, and compound search with WHERE commands.

ALTER, DROP, Rename commands, and Modify command in SQL.

Adding and dropping columns, SQL constraints, and using ALTER to add or drop constraints.

Using WHERE clause predicates, wildcard filtering, UNION, UNION ALL, and DISTINCT.

Operator precedence in SQL and sorting query results.

Numeric, string, and date functions in SQL (CAST, COALESCE).

Aggregate functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX with GROUP BY and HAVING clauses.

Subqueries: single-row, multiple-row, and multiple-column subqueries.

Correlated subqueries and the use of EXISTS and NOT EXISTS.

Practical examples and use cases of subqueries.

Combining subqueries with joins for complex SQL operations.